As mentioned earlier, Tapered microstrip baluns can be classified according to the type of taper used. Four widely used tapers are:
- Linear
- Exponential (E)
- Triangular (T)
- Klopfenstein (K)
The selection of taper can have multiple criteria but the general important considerations are the simplicity of the design and the production of a smooth transition of impedance from one end to other. The size of the impedance section is also a critical factor in certain design situations where length of the section can not exceed a given limit. Linear taper is the simplest of all the tapers and can be designed quickly, however, the trade-off is in the length of the taper. Similar is the case with the triangular and exponential taper, however, but as there designs are a little complex from the the linear taper, they provide a better response in impedance transformations (the reflection coefficient are lower than that of linear taper along the lenght).
The klopfenstein taper is defined by a very complicated equation, however, the advantage of this taper is that the reflection coefficient is minimum over the passband. Alternatively, the Klopfenstein taper provides the minimum taper length for a maximum reflection coefficient specification.
Recommended Readings:
[2] David Pozar, "Microwave Engineering"
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